Publications

 

 

 

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Introduction

 

 

 

 

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Writings on Calcutta

 

 

        General Writings on Calcutta

 

Krishna Dutta, Anita Desai: “Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History (Cities of the Imagination)”

Krishna Dutta explores these multiple paradoxes, giving personal insight into Calcutta’s unique history and modern identity as reflected in its architecture, literature, cinema, and music.

Parts of the books include:

CITY OF ARTISTS: Modern India’s cultural capital; home city of Tagore, Ray, and Jamini Roy; College Street and the annual book fair; a city of learning and books.

CITY OF DURGA AND KALI: Kumortuli’s holy images and the flamboyant annual Durga Puja; Kalighat Temple and Kali, Calcutta’s divine and terrible protectress.

CITY OF PALACES: Grand colonial monuments and crumbling mansions of the Bengali babus; an architectural mix of Palladian, Baroque, Rococo, Gothic, Hindu, and Islamic.

Krishna Dutta was born and brought up in Calcutta. She has translated Bengali literature and written several books on Rabindranath Tagore.

Paperback: 256 pages ; Dimensions (in inches): 0.69 x 8.12 x 5.30

ISBN 1-56656-488-3

Publisher: Interlink Pub Group; (April 2003)

 

Geoffrey Moorhouse: “Calcutta the City Revealed”

A standard work on Calcutta, with lots of detail on the momentous events of the 1940s.

ca 393 pages - ISBN 0-14-009557-8

New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1994.

 

M. Das Gupta, B. Gupta & J. Chaliha: “The Calcutta Cookbook”

An odd choice at first sight, but there is a very interesting chapter n the changes brought to Calcutta cuisine and catering by the 1940s influx of Americans. (Even a recipe for Boston Baked Beans.)

403 pages, 38 illustrations - ISBN 0-14-046972-9

New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1995.

 

Michel Vatin: “Insight Guide Calcutta”

A great book with detailed introductions to all aspects of Calcuttan history and culture.

After ears of unavailability recently reprinted.

281 pages, many great illustrations. ISBN 0887296327

Maspeth, NewYork: Langenscheidt Publishers, 1991.

 

David William Martin: “The changing face of Calcutta”

232 pages

New Delhi : Vikas Pub. House : Distributors, UBS Publishers' Distributors, 1997.

 

 

        General History of Calcutta

 

Sukanta Chaudhuri (editor): “Calcutta the Living City”

Two volumes of detailed Calcutta history sorted according to subjects.  A standard work on Calcutta history.

2 volumes ca 640 pages - ISBN 0-19-563697-X and ISBN 0-19-563696-1

Calcutta: Oxford University Press,1990. (INR 1390 for two volumes)

 

P. Thankappan Nair: “A history of Calcutta's streets”

992 pages

Calcutta : Firma KLM, 1987.

 

Pratapaditya Pal (ed.): “Changing Visions, Lasting Images. Kolkata through 300 years”

ISBN: 81-85026-11-4

Calcutta:  Marg Publications, 1990

 

        General History of Bengal

 

R.C. Majumdar (ed): “History of Bengal Vol. I Hindu Period”

Reprint of 1943 original edition

ISBN 81-7646-238-1

New Delhi: BR Publishing Corporation, 2000

INR 2250

 

R.C. Majumdar (ed): “History of Bengal Vol. II Muslim Period”

ISBN 81-7646-238-X

New Delhi: BR Publishing Corporation, 2000

INR 1250

 

P.Pal & E. Huq (ed.): “Bengal Sites & Sights”

ISBN 81-85026-59-9

New Delhi: Marg

 

Nitish Sengpta: “History of the Bengali Speaking People”

A thorough work on the whole of Bengali history up to partition, with the main weight on the later colonial period.  About 100 pages, a fifth of the narrative, concerns itself with the 1940s politics of Bengal.  Thus giving vital back ground to Calcutta’s history at the time.

550 pages, a few illustration. ISBN 0-19-564767-X

Kolkata (Calcutta): UBSPD, 2001.

 

 

 

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Aspects of Calcutta 1940s History

 

 

          _____The 1940s in General______________________________

 

Vadekedath Varkey John / Amritlal Bhikhabhai Shah (eds): “What price a free press?. The Statesman case”

135p. 23cm

Calcutta. Nachiketa Publications. 1974

 

John Lethbridge: “Harrow on the Hooghly. the New School Calcutta and Darjeeling 1940-1944”

John Lethbridge, 1994.

 

Calcutta Stock Exchange Association: “The Calcutta Stock Exchange Official Year Book 1940 (1942 [etc.]).”

Calcutta: Calcutta Stock Exchange Association, 1940 etc.

 

University of Calcutta: “Calcutta University Questions, 1909-1940 [or rather, 1941]. I.A. & I.Sc. With university regulations, syllabus, etc.”

Calcutta: Sen, Ray & Co., 1941.

 

Jean-Luc Racine (ed.): “Calcutta: 1905-1971 : au coeur des créations et des révoltes du siècle”

ISBN 2-86260-673-1 (br.)

Paris : Ed. Autrement, 1997

 

Jahanara Begum: “The Last Decades of Undivided Bengal – Parties, Politics and Personalities”

While not focusing on the city of Calcutta specifically, this books give a very detailed picture of Bengal politics (especially at the Provincial Government and Legislative Assembly level) at the 1930s and 1940s.  Most of these political events thus took place in Calcutta and certainly affected the city deeply, which makes this valuable background reading for everyone baffled by the reasons for many traumatic events of 1940s Calcutta.

210 pages, 1 map. ISBN 81-85195-60-9

Calcutta: Minerva Associates (Publications) Pvt. Ltd, 1994

 

John Barry: “Calcutta 1940”

A standard guidebook for Calcutta in the year 1940, with a wealth of detail from everything to the history of all main city sights and institutions down to such minute daily facts as bus routes and the price of a postage stamp.

300 pages, 3 maps, 66 illustrations.

Calcutta: The Central Press, 1940.

 

 

          _____The Raj______________________________________________

 

Trevor Royle: “The Last days of the Raj

Voices and personal memories of both British and Indians of the last days of the Raj.

Mainly relating to Delhi, but there is some material on Calcutta as well.

291 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-7195-5686-4

London: Michael Joseph, 1989.

 

Robin Newlands: “A fighting Retreat The British Empire 1947-1997

Voices and personal memories of both British mainly military men of the long fall of the British empire. The chapter “The end in India” has quite a few bits on Calcutta.

London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996.

 

Charles Allen: “Plain Tales from the Raj – Images of British India in the Twentieth Century”

Voices and personal memories of British resident fro al over India.  Surprisingly little on Calcutta, but it gives a very good feel of the British attitude to India at the time.

287 pages, some illustrations.

London: Andre Deutsch, 1975.

 

Laura Sykes: “Calcutta through British eyes 1690-1990”

300 years of vignettes written by British residents on all aspects of (expatriate) life in Calcutta.  About 15 of them are relevant to the 1940s.

170 pages, some illustrations, glossary.  ISBN 0-19-562869-1

Oxford University Press, 1992.

 

 

          _____The Freedom Struggle_____________________________

 

Rajat Kanta Ray: “Urban roots of Indian nationalism. pressure groups and conflict of interests in Calcutta city politics, 18751939.”

246p. 1ill. 23cm

New Delhi. Vikas. c1979

 

A.C.Bose: “Indian Revolutionaries Abroad”

ISBN 81-7211-123-1

New Delhi: Northern Book Centre

 

L. A. Gordon: “Bengal: The Nationalist Movement, 1876-1940”

1974

 

W. Fay: “The Forgotten Army: India’s Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945”

New Delhi, 1994

 

Jahanara Begum: “The Last Decades of Undivided Bengal – Parties, Politics and Personalities”

While not focusing on the city of Calcutta specifically, this books give a very detailed picture of Bengal politics (especially at the Provincial Government and Legislative Assembly level) at the 1930s and 1940s.  Most of these political events thus took place in Calcutta and certainly affected the city deeply, which makes this valuable background reading for everyone baffled by the reasons for many traumatic events of 1940s Calcutta.

210 pages, 1 map. ISBN 81-85195-60-9

Calcutta: Minerva Associates (Publications) Pvt. Ltd, 1994

 

Kenton J. Clymer: “Quest for freedom : the United States and India's independence”

393 pages

New York : Columbia University Press, 1995

 

 

          _____World War II________________________________________

 

General Joseph Warren Stillwell, Theodore H.White (ed.): “The Stillwell Papers”

Military diary December 7th. 1941 to October 27th. 1944 combined with reflective passages and letters to his wife. Command of the Chinese-American armies in Burma from which he was eventually recalled; prickly and bitter 'tough-guy' account; dislike of Chiang K'ai-shek and Mountbatten; military difficulties, sickness and disease. The record of  'an outstanding American soldier, wasted on an all but impossible job… for which, temperamentally, he was unsuited'.

New York: W.Sloane Associates, 1948,

London: Macdonald & Co., 1949. The British edition has a second introduction. 

 

Archibald Percival, first Earl Wavell, Penderel Moon (ed.): “Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal”

Diary covering the time between June 1943 and March 1947 after that till 1950.  Many mention of Calcutta and Bengal especially during Wavell’s visits to the city.  Very little personal items but frank coverage of political events negotiations during the 2nd world war, the Bengal Famine, the Calcutta Killings and the lead up to independence.

528 pages, 24 illustrations

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

 

James Leasor: “The sea wolves”

with a foreword by Earl Mountbatten of Burma

240p 1map 18cm pbk ISBN: 0552112682

Originally published: as 'Boarding party'. London : Heinemann, 1978

London: Corgi, 1980

 

“Calcutta Light Horse, A.F.(I.) 1759-1881-1947.”

History of the Calcutta Light Horse.

xv, 175 p. ; 8vo.With plates, including portraits]

Aldershot, 1957.

 

F. Yeats-Brown: “Martial India”

Not specific to Calcutta, this book details the achievements of Indian troops in the 2nd World War.  Apart from detailing military campaigns, it also gives details of the life of ordinary Indian soldiers, and thus gives an all round picture of Indian involvement on the allied side. 

200 pages, 24 pictures, 10 maps (mainly of middle eastern locations).

London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1945

 

James Leasor: “Boarding Party: The Last Action Of The Calcutta Light Horse”

Real life story of a covert operation in 1943 to destroy some German navy ships in neutral Goa.  The raiders were auxiliary force (part-time usually British businessmen) members of the Calcutta Light Horse and Calcutta Scottish.

ISBN : 1557505128

Ingram Book Company, 2001

 

J. F. Whitley: “Confusion Beyond Imagination”

Not necessarily about Calcutta, but about the China-Burma-India theatre of operations in its entirity. Books and information available at this address:

J. F Whitley, Publisher, 3729 Canyon Drive; Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815,

phone: 208-664-2329. No known email address.

 

Geoffrey Tyson: “Forgotten Frontier”

Surprising story of the part played by the Tea Planters of North-Eastern India in the civilian evacuation of Burma in 1942. Many of the refugees moved on to Calcutta.

146pages, b&w photos, maps & folding map

Calcutta: W.H.Targett & Co Ltd, 1945.

 

 

          _____INA___________________________________________________

 

Rudolph Hartog: “The Sign of the Tiger: Subhas Chandra Bose And His Indian Legion in Germany, 1941-45”,

Not specific to Calcutta, this book gives a lot of detail on the “Legion Freies Indien” an Indian volunteer force of the German Wehrmacht, inspired by Neatji Subhas Bose during his time in exile in Berlin during in the 2nd World War.  The author was part of this unit himself and the book is especially good on the cultural adjustments which needed to be made by the both German and Indian sides to be able to work together at all.  Apart from also detailing military campaigns, it also gives details of the life of ordinary Indian soldiers in the German army, and thus gives an all round picture of this unexpected Indian involvement on the German side.

206 pages many illustrations.

Delhi: Rupa, 2001

 

          _____Bengal Famine______________________________________

 

Archibald Percival, first Earl Wavell, Penderel Moon (ed.): “Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal”

Diary covering the time between June 1943 and March 1947 after that till 1950.  Many mention of Calcutta and Bengal especially during Wavell’s visits to the city.  Very little personal items but frank coverage of political events negotiations during the 2nd world war, the Bengal Famine, the Calcutta Killings and the lead up to independence.

528 pages, 24 illustrations

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

 

A. Mahatra: “The Demography of the Bengal Famine of 1943-44”

IESHR (Indian Economic & Social History Review), 30 (1994)

 

 

 

          _____Independence_______________________________________

 

Archibald Percival, first Earl Wavell, Penderel Moon (ed.): “Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal”

Diary covering the time between June 1943 and March 1947 after that till 1950.  Many mention of Calcutta and Bengal especially during Wavell’s visits to the city.  Very little personal items but frank coverage of political events negotiations during the 2nd world war, the Bengal Famine, the Calcutta Killings and the lead up to independence.

528 pages, 24 illustrations

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

 

Alan Campbell-Johnson: “Mission with Mountbatten

Diary of Alan Campbell-Johnson from mid Dec 1946 to the end of  June 1948 when he was Lord Mountbatten’s Press Attache in India.  As he was based in Viceroy’s House New Delhi there are only a few mentions of Calcutta, but they are quite enlightening with regards to the city’s situation during the final days before independence.

ca 400 pages ca 20 illustrations.

London: Robert Hale & Company, 1951

 

Lionel Carter: “Mountbatten’s Report on the Last Viceroyalty: 22 March-15 August 1947”

ISBN 81-7304-516-X

New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2003

 

Trevor Royle: “The Last days of the Raj

Voices and personal memories of both British and Indians of the last days of the Raj.

Mainly relating to Delhi, but there is some material on Calcutta as well.

291 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-7195-5686-4

London: Michael Joseph, 1989.

 

Robin Newlands: “A fighting Retreat The British Empire 1947-1997

Voices and personal memories of both British mainly military men of the long fall of the Brioths empire. The chapter “The end in India” has quite a few bits on Calcutta.

London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996.

 

 

          _____Partition____________________________________________

 

A.J.Kamra: “The prolonged Partition and its Pogroms. Testimonies of Unrest against Hindus in East Bengal 1946-64”

ISBN 81-86990-63-8

New Delhi: Voice of India

INR 250

 

Jasodhara Bagchi, Suboranjan Dasgupta (ed.): “The Trauma and the Triumph, Gender and Parition in Eastern India”

ISBN 81-85604-55-X

Stree, 2003

 

Partha Chatterjee: “The Present History of West Bengal”

Collection of academic writings and reportages, mainly on post independence political developments in West Bengal.  Some articles do reach back into 1940s history and one in particular “the Second partition of Bengal” is of great relevance.

12 articles, 223 pages, some maps. ISBN 0-19-564767-X

Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 1998.

 

Jahanara Begum: “The Last Decades of Undivided Bengal – Parties, Politics and Personalities”

While not focusing on the city of Calcutta specifically, this books give a very detailed picture of Bengal politics (especially at the Provincial Government and Legislative Assembly level) at the 1930s and 1940s.  Most of these political events thus took place in Calcutta and certainly affected the city deeply, which makes this valuable background reading for everyone baffled by the reasons for many traumatic events of 1940s Calcutta.

210 pages, 1 map. ISBN 81-85195-60-9

Calcutta: Minerva Associates (Publications) Pvt. Ltd, 1994

 

 

          _____Chandernagore & The French_____________________

 

Georges Tailleur: “Chandernagor ou le Lit de Dupleix

Chandernagore memoirs of Georges Tailleur the last French Administrator of Chandernagore from 1948 until 1950.

125 p. : ill., couv. ill. ; 21 cm, ISSN 0245-307X

Montpellier: Africa nostra, 1979

 

K.S. Mathew: “French in India and Indian Nationalism”

656 pages, ISBN: 8176460532

South Asia Books; 1st  edition (September 1999)

 

Rose Vincent (ed.): “The French in India: From Diamond Traders to Sanskrit Scholars”

ISBN: 0861322592

South Asia Books; (November 1990)

 

Lucien Jean-Bord / Michel Gaudart de Soulages:  Dictionnaire généalogique des familles de l'Inde française.”

L-J Bord, 1984.

Agnès de Place: “Dictionnaire généalogique et armorial de l'Inde française. 1560-1962.” Versailles: s.l. 1997.

 

Philippe Le Tréguilly / Monique MorazéL'inde et la France . Deux siècles d'histoire commune XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles.”

History, sources, bibliography.

ISBN : 2-271-0527-0.

CNRS Histoire. CNRS Editions, 1995.

 

Catherine Manning (ed.): “Fortunes a Faire : The French in Asian Trade,1719-48”

Hardcover edition (1996).

 

Jean Marie Lafont:“Indika Essays in Indo-French Relations : Essays in Indo-French Relations, 1630-1976”

Hardcover edition (2000).

 

Arnaud d' Aunay: “Les Indes Françaises : Pondichéry, Chandernagor, Karikal, Yanaon et Mahé

Travel and photobook

Hardback: 111 pages, ISBN: 2742408401

Paris:Gallimard,  30 November 2001

 

A. Neogy: “Decolonization of French India. Liberation Movement and Franco- Indian Relations (1947-1954)”

Interesting book with many details on 1940s events at Chandernagore, a French colony on the outskirts of Calcutta.

327 pages

Pondicherry: Institut Francais de Pondicherry, 1997.

 

Jacques Weber: “Pondichéri et les comptoirs del’inde après Dupleix – La Democratie au pays des castes.”

Interesting book detailing the political situation French India especially with regard to Indian participation.  Like French colonial policy itself it naturally focuses on Pondichéri, but there is quite a bit of detail on 1940s events at Chandernagore which was the first French colony to manage to leave the French colonial empire.

447 pages, some illustrations, ISBN 2207242080

Paris: Éditions Denoël, 1996.

 

Dr. Ajit Kumar Mukhopadhay & Kalyan Chakrabortty: "Discover Chandernagore" History of Chandernagore

   http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Paradise/4243/discoverchandan.html

A history of Chandernagore available online.

Chandernagore: Giri-Doot. 1999

 

 

 

          _____Post-Independence________________________________

 

 

Partha Chatterjee: “The Present History of West Bengal”

Collection of academic writings and reportages, mainly on post independence political developments in West Bengal.  Some articles do reach back into 1940s history and one in particular “the Second partition of Bengal” is of great relevance.

12 articles, 223 pages, some maps. ISBN 0-19-564767-X

Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 1998.

 

 

 

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Specific Communities

 

 

          _____Calcutta Bengalis__________________________________

 

 

          _____East Bengalis_______________________________________

 

A.J.Kamra: “The prolonged Partition and its Pogroms. Testimonies of Unrest against Hindus in East Bengal 1946-64”

ISBN 81-86990-63-8

New Delhi: Voice of India

INR 250

 

Jasodhara Bagchi, Suboranjan Dasgupta (ed.): “The Trauma and the Triumph, Gender and Parition in Eastern India”

ISBN 81-85604-55-X

Stree, 2003

 

 

          _____Muslims______________________________________________

 

 

          _____Sikhs_________________________________________________

 

 

          _____Marwaris______________________________________

 

Narayan Chandra Saha: “The Marwari Community in Eastern India “

ISBN 81-86921-23-0

New Delhi: Decent Books, 2003

 

 

          _____South Indians________________________________________

 

 

          _____Anglo-Indians_______________________________________

 

Captain Stan Blackford (ex. Indian Army): “One Hell of a Life”

The book is an autobiography of the author, who describes his life and surroundings which encompass many of the memorable things and events which Anglo-Indians readily relate to. Among the many school’s he attended, Captain Blackford spent some time at Victoria and later at St. Joseph’s North Point. The book is informative, interesting and often very funny, and it certainly held my attention. I was particularly taken by the fact that he isn’t pretentious about being British despite the inherited influences of his parents, eventually fully realizing and accepting with pride his identity as an Anglo-Indian.

ISBN: 0646391046

Paperback, self-published in South Australia, where the author lives

e-mail: stanblackford@chariot.net.au

   http://www.chariot.net.au/~blackford

 

Esther Mary Lyons: "Unwanted"

The autobiography of Esther Mary Lyons whose father was a Jesuit priest stationed at St Thomas Church Calcutta in the 1930s and 40s. She was born in Dum Dum in November 1940. Her father tried to resign from the Jesuits to take up the responsibilities of a father in Calcutta but was refused.  He had a lot of counselling from the British church members at the time to return to church as a priest and give her up for adoption or to the orphanage run by the Loretto Convent but he refused and instead took her and her mother to Delhi to start a new life of a family member.  A few years later however he left the family and went back to the United States leaving Mary and her mother to cope on their own in Allahabad.

Further details at: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/unwanted.htm

307 pages and 20 illustrations and photographs. ISBN 086786 191 6

The book can be bought from the author through the internet http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/index.htm

and lyonsfab@optusnet.com.au

Melbourne, Australia: Spectrum Publishers, 1996

 

Esther Mary Lyons: "Bitter Sweet Truth"

The basic story is the same as in “Unwanted” above but this book is written more from the angle of the authors search for her history and her father.  It Includes a chapter on her father and his family in the USA. It also has a chapter on the author’s discovery of her ancestors in both India and the USA.

Further details at: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/bittersweettruth.htm

320 pages and about 20 photographs and illustrations

The book can be bought from Low Price Publishers in Delhi: http://www.lppindia.com

New Delhi: Esther Mary Lyons (self published), 2001

 

 

          _____Jews_________________________________________________

 

A. Bhatti/J. H. Voigt (ed.): “Jewish Exile in India 1933-11945”

British Policy towards German Speaking Emigrants in India 1939-45. In: A. Bhatti / J. H. Voigt (Hg.): Jewish Exile in India 1933-1945. New Delhi 1999

 

Dalia Ray: “The Jewish Heritage of Calcutta”

A very detailed book on all aspects of the history and life of the Calcutta Jewish community.

There is a wealth of material on the 1940s, as this was a particularly eventful time for the community, seeing both an upsurge in cultural activity as well as the final decline through migration brought about by the almost simultaneous Indian and Israeli independence.

246 pages, many illustrations. ISBN 8177150057

Kolkata: Minerva Assoviates 2001

 

Jael Silliman: “Jewish Portraits, Indian Frames: Women's Narratives from a Diaspora of Hope”

The lives and memories of three generations of women from the Calcutta Baghdadi Jewish community.

194 pages  ISBN: 1584651695

Calcutta: Seagull, 2001.

 

Sally Luddy Solomon: “Hooghly tales : stories of growing up in Calcutta under the Raj

164 p. : ill., maps, port. ; 25 cm. ISBN 0953172007

London : David Ashley Pub, 1998.

 

Mavis Hyman: “Jews of the Raj

Includes bibliographical references and index

258 pages, illustrations and maps ISBN: 0951815016

London : Hyman, 1995

 

Rahel Musleah : ”Songs of the Jews of Calcutta

More than 50 songs for Shabbat, holidays and special occasions. An historical and musical overview of the Calcutta Jewish community. Authentic photo-collages add a visual dimension to the picture of the Calcutta community.

ISBN 0-933676-24-7 96

see at http://www.haruth.com/AsianIndia.html

 

 

          _____British______________________________________________

 

Laura Sykes: “Calcutta through British eyes 1690-1990”

300 years of vignettes written by British residents on all aspects of (expatriate) life in Calcutta.  About 15 of them are relevant to the 1940s.

170 pages, some illustrations, glossary.  ISBN 0-19-562869-1

Oxford University Press, 1992.

 

Ian Stephens: “Monsoon Morning.”

Editor of the Statesman from 1942-1951 and author of numerous publications.

London: Ernest Benn, 1966

 

Michael Carritt: “A Mole in the Crown.”

Autobiography of a member of ICS working last as under-secretary in the Bengal Government.  He was also an emissary of the Communist Party of Great Britain to the underground leadership of the CPI.

New Delhi: Rupa 1986

 

Sir Owain Jenkins: “Merchant Prince.”

Merchant living in Calcutta 1929-1958, where he worked with Balmer Lawrie since 1948 as director, and was President of Bengal Chamber of Commerce.

London: BACSA, 1987

(No longer available at BACSA)

 

Harry Hobbs: “John Barleycorn Bahadur.”

Came to Calcutta as a child and founded a firm of piano tuners repairers and traders.

Frequent writer of letters to the Statesman.

Calcutta: Harry Hobbs 1943.

 

Geoffrey Kendal: “The Shakespeare Wallah.”

The autobiography of actor manager who came to India first with ENSA in 1944 and returned in 1947 with his Shakespeareana Company, which toured all over India.

London: Sidgick & Jackson, 1986

Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1987.

ISBN 0140096841

 

Rumer Godden: “A time to dance, No time to weep.”

Author (born 1907- ) who spent her childhood and youth in Calcutta and the Hooghly area of Bengal

London: Macmillan, 1987

 

Dirk Bogarde: “Snakes and Ladders.”

Actor served in Air photographic intelligence in India including Calcutta 1940-46

London; Chatto & Windus, 1978.

London : Penguin, 1988

 

Harold Acton: “More memoirs of an Aesthete.”

Author and Aesthete served with RAF partly in Calcutta in WW2.

London Methuen, 1970

 

John Gardiner: MEMORIES OF VSK (1939 – 1946)

Detailed memories of a pupil at the Victoria School Kurseong.

see online at:

   http://www.orbonline.net/~auballan/J_Gardners_VSK.htm

 

Archibald Percival, first Earl Wavell / Penderel Moon (ed.): “Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal”

Diary covering the time between June 1943 and March 1947 after that till 1950.  Many mention of Calcutta and Bengal especially during Wavell’s visits to the city.  Very little personal items but frank coverage of political events negotiations during the 2nd world war, the Bengal Famine, the Calcutta Killings and the lead up to independence.

528 pages, 24 illustrations

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

 

Alan Campbell-Johnson: “Mission with Mountbatten

Diary of Alan Campbell-Johnson from mid Dec 1946 to the end of  June 1948 when he was Lord Mountbatten’s Press Attache in India.  As he was based in Viceroy’s House New Delhi there are only a few mentions of Calcutta, but they are quite enlightening with regards to the city’s situation during the final days before independence.

ca 400 pages ca 20 illustrations.

London: Robert Hale & Company, 1951

 

Frederick Gower Turnbull / Bernadette Rule (ed.): “Remember Me to Everybody – Letters from India, 1944-1949”

These are the letters back home of a young (mid-twenties) Englishman who worked for Jessops & Co.

steel works in Dum Dum (a suburb northeast of Calcutta).

His letters are very vivid, detailed, full of anecdotes and he never holds back with his (usually well considered) opinions, on Indian life, manners and politics.  Another great read from a turbulent time in Calcutta’s history.  What make the book even more poignant is that he came to a rather sad end in 1949 when communist terrorists famously attacked his factory during a labour dispute.  He and 3 others of the white managers and senior technicians were thrown (alive) into the steel furnaces (a fifth man was hidden and rescued by the workers).

266 pages, some photos. ISBN 0-921227-04-3

Toronto: West Meadow Press, 1996.

 

“Father Douglass of Behala

Biography of the founder of the Oxford Mission compound on DH Road in Behala.  The book gives a lot of detail on the life of Father Douglass who first came to Calcutta in 1894 to set up to Oxford Mission Students Hostel (also known as “Douglass Boarding”) off Cornwallis Street, right up to his death in Calcutta in 1949.

167 pages, 7 illustrations.

London: Oxford University Press, 1952.

 

Theodore Mathieson & Gillian Wilson (ed.): “Theodore - Letters from the Oxford Mission in India, 1946 – 1993”

Extracts of almost 50 years of letters home by Father Theodore Mathieson a brother of the Oxford Mission to Calcutta, who from 1946-1955 ran the Hindu Students’ Hostel in Calcutta and worked among the lepers of the city.  In 1955 he took over Father Douglass’ former position as head of the Behala compound for orphan boys.  The letters are very well written and edited, and full of lively detail on the daily life of a celibate Anglican Brotherhood overseas, and in the observations of an Englishman in India, keenly interested in the Hindu religion, during Independence, Partition and beyond. A time of great change in Calcutta history.

The reviewer Alison Olson writes: ‘In his early years in India the young missionary was very much an observer of an exotic world and amused by the 'disorderly society': 'if you want something to be done the best way is to put up a notice that it must not be done'. He was stunned that the people he met 'have not a good word to say for the British rule'. Gradually India began to lose some of its mystery and Theodore some of his detachment. As early as April 1947, he wrote, 'I have been recently trying to imagine myself an Indian and see how I would like to be ruled by the British . . . It is when one has thought along these lines for some time that one can begin to understand the Indian's passionate desire for freedom at all costs'. Five years later he found himself 'happily fitting into the Indian way of life'.’

For more details see:  http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/books/theo.html

436 pages (the first 65 of which are relevant to the 1940s, but all the rest no less interesting),

12 pages colour illustrations. 12 pages B&W illustrations. ISBN No. 0 9532288 0 0.

Romsey: Oxford Mission, 1997.

Available from:

  - Gillian Wilson gillwil@aol.com, Tel: 01962 865824, £5.00 plus £3.00 P & P,

     Cheques should be made payable to ‘Oxford Mission/Theodore’

  - Thameslink, 4 York Avenue, Windsor, Berkshire, SL4 3PD, sales@thamesweb.co.uk, £12.95 + p & p

 

Margaret Martyn: “Married to the Raj.”

x, 126 p. ill. 21 cm. ISBN: 0907799485

London. BACSA. 1992

 

Angela Bolton (née Noblet): “The Maturing Sun; An Army Nurse in India, 1942-45 “

Nursing in war time India; a narrative, based on diaries with some direct quotation; malaria, dysentery, work, social life.

London: Imperial War Museum, 1986.

London: Headline, paperback, 1988. 

 

Joyce Irene Grenfell, James Roose-Evans (ed.): “The Time of My Life; Entertaining the Troops 1944-45”

Comedy actress and journalist diary covering January 13th. 1944 to March 20th. 1945 when she did two tours with ENSA (Entertainments National Service Association) to North Africa, Malta, Italy, Cairo, Baghdad and India. Sights, travel, audiences.

London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1989

 

Eugenie Fraser: “A Home by the Hooghly

The wife of a Scottish manager in the Bengal Jute industry, Eugenie Fraser spent most of the 1940s in Barrackpore.

316 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-552-99418-9

London: Corgi Books, 1991.

 

 

          _____Non-British Westerners__________________________

 

Taya Zinkin: “French Memsahib

Stoke Abbott: Thomas Harmsworth Publishing 1989

 

General Joseph Warren Stillwell, Theodore H.White (ed.): “The Stillwell Papers”

Military diary December 7th. 1941 to October 27th. 1944 combined with reflective passages and letters to his wife. Command of the Chinese-American armies in Burma from which he was eventually recalled; prickly and bitter 'tough-guy' account; dislike of Chiang K'ai-shek and Mountbatten; military difficulties, sickness and disease. The record of  'an outstanding American soldier, wasted on an all but impossible job… for which, temperamentally, he was unsuited'.

New York: W.Sloane Associates, 1948,

London: Macdonald & Co., 1949. The British edition has a second introduction. 

 

Elaine Pinkerton (ed.): “From Calcutta With Love: The World War II Letters of Richard and Reva Beard”

A World War II correspondence from the China-Burma-India Theatre where Richard Beard was stationed as Army psychologist assigned to the 142nd General Hospital in Calcutta. A pillar to the men he served, Beard was an astute listener and observer, pleased to be playing his part yet often irritated about what seemed to him senseless military decisions and inefficiencies. In daily letters to Reva, he poured out not only his own longing but also describing life in India and the unfolding drama of war in painfully exquisite detail tempered with tenderness and humour. She attempts to keep up his morale with sketches of life at home as a teacher in Findlay, Ohio coping with shortages and relatives.

The collection of letters have been edited by Elaine Pinkerton, the daughter of Richard and Reva Beard, with and introduction by Wendall A. Phillips, Otha Spencer. It also includes several fairly long essays about the China-Burma- India theatre, which gives the reader a good grounding on this aspect of World War II.

352 pages. ISBN: 0896724689

Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2002

http://www.ttup.ttu.edu/books/calcutta.html

http://www.readsouthwest.com/books/ep_calcutta.html

 

Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: “Hitler’s Priestess”

Fascinating book about Savitri Devi, a western woman who married a Bengali Nazi sympathizer in 1940s Calcutta.  Apart from propaganda work for right wing Hindu nationalism, she admired Hitler and spied for the Germans and the Japanese during the war.  After the war she became famous in the world wide Neo-Nazi movement.  About three to four chapters are relevant to the 1940s in Calcutta.

269 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-8147-3111-2

New York: New York University Press, 1998.

 

August Peter Hansen: “Memoirs of an Adventurous Dane in India : 1904-1947”

A fascinating story of a young Danish sailor, stranded through illness in Calcutta. He joins the City Police and works his way up the ranks. Later he works for Birla on Security and finally as a Customs Officer.

231 pages, 38 illustrations - ISBN 0-907799-64-7

London: BACSA, 1999.

 

          _____Armenians__________________________________________

 

Mesrovb Jacob Seth: “Armenians in India”

There appear to be many inaccuracies in the book, but it is the only one available to date. The book was originally published in Calcutta in 1937 by its author.

New Delhi:  Asian Educational Services, 1992 (reprint).

 

 

          _____Parsees_____________________________________________

 

 

          _____Chinese_____________________________________________

 

 

          _____Greeks______________________________________________

 

Paul Byron Norris: “Ulysses in the Raj

The story of Greek trade in India and the Hellenic presence in Bengal and Northern India from the time of the 'company'. This unique account follows the fortunes of notable families such as the Chiots (Rallis), the Corfiots and the Paniotys from their origins in Europe to their development and settlement in India.

198 pages, 13 illustrations, 4 maps - ISBN 0 907799 46 9

available through http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/bacsabooks.htm

 

 

          _____Others______________________________________________

 

Tsewang Y Pemba: “Young Days in Tibet”

Dr. Pemba, was the son of a Tibetan who worked for the British Agency to Tibet. Brought up near Lhasa in Tibet he eventually entered Victoria School, Kurseong. Good stories are told about a young boy who couldn't understand English and the problems that he had to overcome in a boys school. After leaving Victoria School he went on to London where he became the first Tibetan to become a doctor in 'Western medicine'.

London: Jonathan Cape

 

 

 

 

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Biographies & Autobiographies

 

 

Ian Stephens: “Monsoon Morning”

Autobiography of Ian Stephens the former editor (1942-1952) of the Calcutta daily, ‘The Statesman.’ Concentrates on the war years 1942-1944 in India, when Japanese invasion seemed imminent.

London: Ernest Benn 1966

 

Captain Stan Blackford (ex. Indian Army): “One Hell of a Life”

The book is an autobiography of the author, who describes his life and surroundings which encompass many of the memorable things and events which Anglo-Indians readily relate to. Among the many school’s he attended, Captain Blackford spent some time at Victoria and later at St. Joseph’s North Point. The book is informative, interesting and often very funny, and it certainly held my attention. I was particularly taken by the fact that he isn’t pretentious about being British despite the inherited influences of his parents, eventually fully realizing and accepting with pride his identity as an Anglo-Indian.

ISBN: 0646391046

Paperback, self-published in South Australia, where the author lives

e-mail: stanblackford@chariot.net.au

   http://www.chariot.net.au/~blackford

 

Tsewang Y Pemba: “Young Days in Tibet”

Dr. Pemba, was the son of a Tibetan who worked for the British Agency to Tibet. Brought up near Lhasa in Tibet he eventually entered Victoria School, Kurseong. Good stories are told about a young boy who couldn't understand English and the problems that he had to overcome in a boys school. After leaving Victoria School he went on to London where he became the first Tibetan to become a doctor in 'Western medicine'.

London: Jonathan Cape

 

Michael Carritt: “A Mole in the Crown.”

Autobiography of a member of ICS working last as under-secretary in the Bengal Government.  He was also an emissary of the Communist Party of Great Britain to the underground leadership of the CPI.

New Delhi: Rupa 1986

 

Sir Owain Jenkins: “Merchant Prince.”

Merchant living in Calcutta 1929-1958, where he worked with Balmer Lawrie since 1948 as director, and was President of Bengal Chamber of Commerce.

London: BACSA, 1987

(No longer available at BACSA)

 

Harry Hobbs: “John Barleycorn Bahadur.”

Came to Calcutta as a child and founded a firm of piano tuners repairers and traders.

Frequent writer of letters to the Statesman.

Calcutta: Harry Hobbs 1943.

 

Geoffrey Kendal: “The Shakespeare Wallah.”

The autobiography of actor manager who came to India first with ENSA in 1944 and returned in 1947 with his Shakespeareana Company, which toured all over India.

London: Sidgick & Jackson, 1986

Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1987.

ISBN 0140096841

 

Rumer Godden: “A time to dance, No time to weep.”

Author (born 1907- ) who spent her childhood and youth in Calcutta and the Hooghly area of Bengal

London: Macmillan, 1987

 

Dirk Bogarde: “Snakes and Ladders.”

Actor served in Air photographic intelligence in India including Calcutta 1940-46

London; Chatto & Windus, 1978.

London : Penguin, 1988

 

Harold Acton: “More memoirs of an Aesthete.”

Author and Aesthete served with RAF partly in Calcutta in WW2.

London Methuen, 1970

 

Dr Nitish Sengupta: “Bidhan Chandra Roy”

ISBN 81-230-0964-X

New Delhi: Publications Division, 2002

 

S.C. Das: “Bhaharat Kesri. Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee (with modern impact)”

ISBN 81-7017-387-6,

New Delhi: Abhinav Piblications, 2000

 

Prof Bal Raj Madhak: “A Biography of a Martyr. Dr Shyama Prasad Mookerji

ISBN 81-7167-493-3

New Delhi: Rupa & Co, 2001

 

R.K.Murthi: “C Rajagopalchari

ISBN 81-230-1010-1

New Delhi: Publications Division, 2002

 

Verinder Grover (ed.): “M.N.Roy

ISBN 81-7100-247-1

New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1995

 

John Gardiner: MEMORIES OF VSK (1939 – 1946)

Detailed memories of a pupil at the Victoria School Kurseong.

see online at:

   http://www.orbonline.net/~auballan/J_Gardners_VSK.htm

 

Archibald Percival, first Earl Wavell / Penderel Moon (ed.): “Wavell The Viceroy’s Journal”

Diary covering the time between June 1943 and March 1947 after that till 1950.  Many mention of Calcutta and Bengal especially during Wavell’s visits to the city.  Very little personal items but frank coverage of political events negotiations during the 2nd world war, the Bengal Famine, the Calcutta Killings and the lead up to independence.

528 pages, 24 illustrations

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

 

Alan Campbell-Johnson: “Mission with Mountbatten

Diary of Alan Campbell-Johnson from mid Dec 1946 to the end of June 1948 when he was Lord Mountbatten’s Press Attache in India.  As he was based in Viceroy’s House New Delhi there are only a few mentions of Calcutta, but they are quite enlightening with regards to the city’s situation during the final days before independence.

ca 400 pages ca 20 illustrations.

London: Robert Hale & Company, 1951

 

Nirad C. Chaudhuri:  “Thy hand, great anarch!”

Memoir of writer and journalist Nirad Chaudhuri, covering politics and personal life in the years 1921-1952. He lived in Calcutta till 1942, the last four years working as secretary to the politician and lawyer Sarat Chandra Bose.  Apart from detailing his own life Chaudhuri is very good at describing the general social, historical and political background to his actions.

xxviii,979pages.

London : Chatto & Windus, 1987.

 

Nirad C. Chaudhuri:  “The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian”

Autobiography of writer and journalist Nirad Chaudhuri, who lived in Calcutta between 1910 and 1942, the last four years working as secretary to the politician and lawyer Sarat Chandra Bose.  Apart from detailing his own life Chaudhuri is very good at describing the general social, historical and political background to his actions.

ca. 500 pages.

London: Macmillan, 1951.

 

Frederick Gower Turnbull / Bernadette Rule (ed.): “Rememeber Me to Everybody – Letters from India, 1944-1949”

These are the letters back home of a young (mid-twenties) Englishman who worked for Jessop’s & Co.

steel works in Dum Dum (a suburb northeast of Calcutta).

His letters are very vivid, detailed, full of anecdotes and he never holds back with his (usually well considered) opinions, on Indian life, manners and politics.  Another great read from a turbulent time in Calcutta’s history.  What make the book even more poignant is that he came to a rather sad end in 1949 when communist terrorists famously attacked his factory during a labour dispute.  He and 3 others of the white managers and senior technicians were thrown (alive) into the steel furnaces (a fifth man was hidden and rescued by the workers).

266 pages, some photos. ISBN 0-921227-04-3

Toronto: West Meadow Press, 1996.

 

Ravi Shankar / George harrison (ed.): “Raga Mala – An Autobiography”

Fascinating book giving a wealth of detail on the life of the famous sitar virtuoso Ravi Shanka (Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury).  It also gives the uninitiated a lot of background on Hindustani (North-Indian classical) music.  There are only a few, albeit very interesting, things on 1940s Calcutta, as Shankar (always more man of all the world rather than just a Bengali-only) spent most of that decade (and most other decades, come to that) somewhere else. Still, a great read in itself.

336 pages, many illustrations, glossary. ISBN 1-56649-104-5

New York: Welcome Rain Publishers, 1999.

 

“Father Douglass of Behala

Biography of the founder of the Oxford Mission compound on DH Road in Behala. The book gives a lot of detail on the life of Father Douglass who first came to Calcutta in 1894 to set up to Oxford Mission Students Hostel (also known as “Douglass Boarding”) off Cornwallis Street, right up to his death in Calcutta in 1949.

167 pages, 7 illustrations.

London: Oxford University Press, 1952.

 

Theodore Mathieson & Gillian Wilson (ed.): “Theodore - Letters from the Oxford Mission in India, 1946 – 1993”

Extracts of almost 50 years of letters home by Father Theodore Mathieson a brother of the Oxford Mission to Calcutta, who from 1946-1955 ran the Hindu Students’ Hostel in Calcutta and worked among the lepers of the city.  In 1955 he took over Father Douglass’ former position as head of the Behala compound for orphan boys.  The letters are very well written and edited, and full of lively detail on the daily life of a celibate Anglican Brotherhood overseas, and in the observations of an Englishman in India, keenly interested in the Hindu religion, during Independence, Partition and beyond in a time of great change in Calcutta history.

The reviewer Alison Olson writes: ‘In his early years in India the young missionary was very much an observer of an exotic world and amused by the 'disorderly society': 'if you want something to be done the best way is to put up a notice that it must not be done'. He was stunned that the people he met 'have not a good word to say for the British rule'. Gradually India began to lose some of its mystery and Theodore some of his detachment. As early as April 1947, he wrote, 'I have been recently trying to imagine myself an Indian and see how I would like to be ruled by the British . . . It is when one has thought along these lines for some time that one can begin to understand the Indian's passionate desire for freedom at all costs'. Five years later he found himself 'happily fitting into the Indian way of life'.’

For more details see:  http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/books/theo.html

436 pages (the first 65 of which are relevant to the 1940s, but all the rest no less interesting),

12 pages colour illustrations. 12 pages B&W illustrations. ISBN No. 0 9532288 0 0.

Romsey: Oxford Mission, 1997.

Available from:

  - Gillian Wilson gillwil@aol.com, Tel: 01962 865824, £5.00 plus £3.00 P & P,

     Cheques should be made payable to ‘Oxford Mission/Theodore’

  - Thameslink, 4 York Avenue, Windsor, Berkshire, SL4 3PD, sales@thamesweb.co.uk, £12.95 + p & p

 

Frank Moraes : “Witness to an era: India 1920 to the present day.”

Journalist and barrister, son of Indian official of the Raj born in Bombay, Frank Moraes gained degrees in economics, history and law from Bombay and Oxford universities.

He spent the 1940s as a journalist for the Times of India and most of World War 2 as war correspondent in China and Burma.  In late 1940s he was editor of Times of Ceylon for 2 years.

The book gives a good eyewitness account of the times although due to Frank Moraes being based in Bombay it is naturally very little on matters directly affecting Calcutta.

ISBN 0297765167

London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973.

 

Taya Zinkin: “French Memsahib

French by birth Taya  had to flee to Amercia during WW2.

Just before the end of the war she married Maurice Zinkin a senior administrator in the Indian Finance Ministry whom she had met in the UK and stayed in correspondence since then.

Eventually she became a journalist, (India correspondent for the Manchester Guardian, Le Monde and the Economist).

Stoke Abbott: Thomas Harmsworth Publishing 1989

 

Elizabeth James: "An Anglo Indian Tale"

Elizabeth James

The autobiograpy of Esther Mary Lyons whose father was a Jesuit priest stationed at St Thomas Church Calcutta in the 1930s and 40s. She was born in Dum Dum in November 1940. Her father tried to resign from the Jesuits to take up the responsibilities of a father in Calcutta but was refused.  He had a lot of counselling from the British church members at the time to return to church as a priest and give her up for adoption or to the orphanage run by the Loretto Convent but he refused and instead took her and her mother to Delhi to start a new life of a family member.  A few years later however he left the family and went back to the United States leaving Mary and her mother to cope on their own in Allahabad.

308 pages. ISBN 81-88629-10-3

Delhi: Originals, 2004

 

Esther Mary Lyons: "Unwanted"

The autobiograpy of Esther Mary Lyons whose father was a Jesuit priest stationed at St Thomas Church Calcutta in the 1930s and 40s. She was born in Dum Dum in November 1940. Her father tried to resign from the Jesuits to take up the responsibilities of a father in Calcutta but was refused.  He had a lot of counselling from the British church members at the time to return to church as a priest and give her up for adoption or to the orphanage run by the Loretto Convent but he refused and instead took her and her mother to Delhi to start a new life of a family member.  A few years later however he left the family and went back to the United States leaving Mary and her mother to cope on their own in Allahabad.

Further details at: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/unwanted.htm

307 pages and 20 illustrations and photographs. ISBN 086786 191 6

The book can be bought from the author through the internet http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/index.htm

and lyonsfab@optusnet.com.au

Melbourne, Australia: Spectrum Publishers, 1996

 

Esther Mary Lyons: "Bitter Sweet Truth"

The basic story is the same as in “Unwanted” above but this book is written more from the angle of the authors search for her history and her father.  It Includes a chapter on her father and his family in the USA. It also has a chapter on the author’s discovery of her ancestors in both India and the USA.

Further details at: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~lyonsfab/bittersweettruth.htm

320 pages and about 20 photographs and illustrations

The book can be bought from Low Price Publishers in Delhi: http://www.lppindia.com

New Delhi: Esther Mary Lyons (self published), 2001

 

Margaret Martyn: “Married to the Raj.”

x, 126 p. ill. 21 cm. ISBN: 0907799485

London. BACSA. 1992

 

Sally Luddy Solomon: “Hooghly tales : stories of growing up in Calcutta under the Raj

164 p. : ill., maps, port. ; 25 cm. ISBN 0953172007

London : David Ashley Pub, 1998.

 

General Joseph Warren Stillwell, Theodore H.White (ed.): “The Stillwell Papers”

Military diary December 7th. 1941 to October 27th. 1944 combined with reflective passages and letters to his wife. Command of the Chinese-American armies in Burma from which he was eventually recalled; prickly and bitter 'tough-guy' account; dislike of Chiang K'ai-shek and Mountbatten; military difficulties, sickness and disease. The record of  'an outstanding American soldier, wasted on an all but impossible job… for which, temperamentally, he was unsuited'.

New York: W. Sloane Associates, 1948,

London: Macdonald & Co., 1949. The British edition has a second introduction. 

 

Angela Bolton (née Noblet): “The Maturing Sun; An Army Nurse in India, 1942-45 “

Nursing in war time India; a narrative, based on diaries with some direct quotation; malaria, dysentery, work, social life.

London: Imperial War Museum, 1986.

London: Headline, paperback, 1988. 

 

Joyce Irene Grenfell, James Roose-Evans (ed.): “The Time of My Life; Entertaining the Troops 1944-45”

Comedy actress and journalist diary covering January 13th. 1944 to March 20th. 1945 when she did two tours with ENSA (Entertainments National Service Association) to North Africa, Malta, Italy, Cairo, Baghdad and India. Sights, travel, audiences.

London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1989

 

Suranjan Das / Jayanta k. Ray: “The Goondas – Towards a reconstruction of the Calcutta underworld” Department of History, University of Calcutta, Monography 12

Short biographical police file sketches of members of the Calcutta criminal underworld dating from 1946 to 1972, but mainly of the 1950s and 1960s.  Some of them were already prominent in the 1940s though, and many more are detailed to have started their lives of crime and violence as members of the various “defence associations” during the Great Calcutta Killings in August 1946.

105 pages  ISBN: 81-7102-056-9

Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Limited, 1996.

 

Khokhan Sen

   http://www.cricket.org/link_to_database/PLAYERS/IND/S/SEN_PK_06000800/

Short biography of Bengali cricketer Probir Kumar Sen known as “Khokan” whose test career spanned from 1948-1952 and he was regarded as the first outstanding Indian wicketkeeper and a useful late order batsman.

 

Mantu Banerjee

   http://www.cricket.org/link_to_database/PLAYERS/IND/B/BANERJEE_SA_06000845/

Short biography of Bengali cricketer Sudangsu Abinash Banerjee known as “Mantu”. His only test match was against the West Indies in Calcutta in 1948/49 which was regarded as an impressive debut, and it was rather surprising that he never got another chance at the international level.

 

Elaine Pinkerton (ed.): “From Calcutta With Love: The World War II Letters of Richard and Reva Beard”

A World War II correspondence from the China-Burma-India Theatre where Richard Beard was stationed as Army psychologist assigned to the 142nd General Hospital in Calcutta. A pillar to the men he served, Beard was an astute listener and observer, pleased to be playing his part yet often irritated about what seemed to him senseless military decisions and inefficiencies. In daily letters to Reva, he poured out not only his own longing but also describing life in India and the unfolding drama of war in painfully exquisite detail tempered with tenderness and humour. She attempts to keep up his morale with sketches of life at home as a teacher in Findlay, Ohio coping with shortages and relatives.

The collection of letters have been edited by Elaine Pinkerton, the daughter of Richard and Reva Beard, with and introduction by Wendall A. Phillips, Otha Spencer. It also includes several fairly long essays about the China-Burma- India theatre, which gives the reader a good grounding on this aspect of World War II.

352 pages. ISBN: 0896724689

Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2002

http://www.ttup.ttu.edu/books/calcutta.html

http://www.readsouthwest.com/books/ep_calcutta.html

 

Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: “Hitler’s Priestess”

Fascinating book about Savitri Devi, a western woman who married a Bengali Nazi sympathizer in 1940s Calcutta.  Apart from propaganda work for right wing Hindu nationalism, she admired Hitler and spied for the Germans and the Japanese during the war.  After the war she became famous in the world wide Neo-Nazi movement.  About three to four chapters are relevant to the 1940s in Calcutta.

269 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-8147-3111-2

New York: New York University Press, 1998.

 

Gayatri Devi / Santha Rama Rau: “A Princess Remembers. The Memoirs of the Maharani of Jaipur

Before her marriage to the Jaipur Royal Family in the early 1940s, Gayatri Devi was a princess of Cooch Behar, and spent a lot of time living at the Maharaja of Cooch Behar’s city palace “Woodlands” at Alipore in Southern Calcutta.

335 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-397-01103-2

Philadelphia & New York: J.B. Lippincott Company. 1976

 

Eugenie Fraser: “A Home by the Hooghly

The wife of a Scottish manager in the Bengal Jute industry, Eugenie Fraser spent most of the 1940s in Barrackpore.

316 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 0-552-99418-9

London: Corgi Books, 1991.

 

August Peter Hansen: “Memoirs of an Adventurous Dane in India : 1904-1947”

A fascinating story of a young Danish sailor, stranded through illness in Calcutta. He joins the City Police and works his way up the ranks. Later he works for Birla on Security and finally as a Customs Officer.

231 pages, 38 illustrations - ISBN 0-907799-64-7

London: BACSA, 1999.

 

Jael Silliman: “Jewish Portraits, Indian Frames: Women's Narratives from a Diaspora of Hope”

The lives and memories of three generations of women from the Calcutta Baghdadi Jewish community.

194 pages  ISBN: 1584651695

Calcutta: Seagull, 2001.

 

Jyoti Basu: “With the People – A political Memoir”

Autobiography (translated and edited) of long time communist chief minister of West-Bengal Jyoti Basu.  The era coverd his beginnings until 1977 when he took office.  Consequently there is a quite a bit of material on the 1940s which he spent as trade unionist and Member of the Bengal Legistlative Assembly.

196 pages many illustrations ISBN: 817476172

New Delhi: UBSPD, 1997.

 

Jyoti Basu: “Memories: the ones that have lasted (a political autobiography)”

   http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/preface.htm

More or less the online version of the above, as the Ganashakti articles became the basis of the book. Memories of a student, communist activist and trade union man (in the 1940s) and from childhood up to the 1957, who went on to become chief minister of West-Bengal.

 

 

          _____Rabindranath Tagore_____________________________

 

Rabindranath Tagore, Andrew Robinson (ed.), Krishna Dutta (ed.): “Rabindranath Tagore:An Anthology”

Choice selections from the (almost limitless) works of Rabindanath Tagore.

432 pages, Paperback, 1st ISBN:031220079X

London: St. Martin's Press. December 1998

 

Krishna Kripalani: “Tagore – A biography of Rabindranath Tagore

Krishna Kripalani (1907-1992) began his career as a teacher at Santiniketan. Prior to that he had a short spell in jail for participating in the Indian struggle for freedom. From 1933 till the death of Rabindranath Tagore in 1941, he worked in close association with the poet and edited the journal, Visva-Bharati Quarterly founded and first edited by Tagore.

ca 20 pictures 400 pages

New York: Grove, 1962

 

Rabindranath Tagore, Krishna Dutta (ed.), Andrew Robinson (ed.): “Selected Letters of Rabindranath Tagore

Interest in the life and work of Nobel prize-winning writer Rabindranath Tagore is now enjoying a revival after many years of neglect outside India. He wrote thousands of letters in both Bengali and English. Most of the significant Bengali letters have been published in the half-century since his death, but not translated, while few noteworthy English letters are in print. This book, which consists of about 350 letters spanning Tagore’s entire life, a quarter of them in English translation, is the first to make his letters available to English readers. They have been especially selected to show as many facets of his experience, interests and ideas as possible. Students of history, politics and literature will find them an invaluable tool, not only for an understanding of the complexity of Tagore’s personality, but also of the times in which he lived.

593 pages, 20 half-tones, ISBN: 0521590183

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. June, 1997

 

Krishna Dutta / Andrew Robinson: “Rabindranath Tagore - The myriad-Minded Man”

A great biography of Bengal’s foremost figure of literature who died in 1941.

493 pages many illustrations ISBN: 0745720046

London: Bloomsbury, 1995.

 

 

          _____Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose_____________________

 

Rudolph Hartog: “The Sign of the Tiger: Subhas Chandra Bose And His Indian Legion in Germany, 1941-45”,

Not specific to Calcutta, this book gives a lot of detail on the “Legion Freies Indien” an Indian volunteer force of the German Wehrmacht, inspired by Netaji Subhas Bose during his time in exile in Berlin during in the 2nd World War.  The author was part of this unit himself and the book is especially good on the cultural adjustments which needed to be made by the both German and Indian sides to be able to work together at all.  Apart from also detailing military campaigns, it also gives details of the life of ordinary Indian soldiers in the German army, and thus gives an all round picture of this unexpected Indian involvement on the German side.

206 pages many illustrations.

Delhi: Rupa, 2001

 

Hugh Toye: “The Springing Tiger: A Study of a Revolutionary”

London: 1970.

 

Mihir Bose: “The Lost Hero”

London: 1982

 

Sisir Bose / Sugata Bose (eds.): “An Indian Pilgrim: An Unfinished Autobiography”

1997

 

Sitansu Das: “Subhas: A Political Biography”

634 pages,

2001

 

Subhas Chandra Bose / Netaji Research Bureau (ed.): “Crossroads . Being the works of Subhas Chandra Bose, 1938-1940. Compiled by Netaji Research Bureau, Calcutta. [With a portrait and facsimiles.]”

Asia Publishing House: London; Calcutta printed, [1962.]

 

Leonard A. Gordon:  “Brothers Against the Raj: A Biography of Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose

805 pages,

New Delhi: Penguin Books India Limited 1990.

 

Netaji Research Bureau (eds.): “ 10 Historic Netaji Documents - Authentic Reproductions of Original Letters, writings and Orders of the Day 1912-45.”

Calcutta: NRB, 1995. (2nd Print)

 

Sisir Kumar Bose (ed.)/Sugata Bose (ed.):  “The Essential Writings of Netaji Subhas Bose

This books gives a good overview over the political thinking of Subhas Chandra Bose, Calcutta’s most prominent 1940s politician. Most of the writings are from the 1930 but there are 9 from the 1940s, although most of them from the time after Bose fled into exile in Germany and later Japanese SE Asia. 

338 pages, some illustrations. ISBN 019564854-4

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998

 

Sisir Kumar Bose: “The Great Escape: A Personal Account of Netaji’s Secret Journey out of India January 1941”

Calcutta: NRB, 1995 (2nd Edition)

 

 

          _____Sarat Chandra Bose______________________________

Leonard A. Gordon:  “Brothers Against the Raj: A Biography of Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose

805 pages,

New Delhi: Penguin Books India Limited 1990.

 

Sisir Kumar Bose (ed.):  “I Warned My Countrymen : Collected Works 1945-50 of Sarat Chandra Bose

Calcutta: NRB, 1993

 

Sisir Kumar Bose and Suman Chattopadhyay (eds.): “The Voice of Sarat Chandra Bose: Selected Speeches, 1927-41”

Calcutta: NRB, 1979.

 

Sisir Kumar Bose: “Remembering My Father: Sarat Chandra Bose: A Centenary Tribute”

Calcutta: NRB, 1989.

 

 

          _____Satyajit Ray_______________________________________

Satyajit Ray: “Our Film their films”

Film maker Satyajit Ray’s writings on films and film-making.  Some of them are relevant to him starting out with the Calcutta Film Society in the late 1940s.

219pages ISBN 0-86125-176-8

Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 1976.

 

 

          _____Mother Teresa_______________________________________

Anne Sebba: “Mother Teresa 1910-1997 Beyond the Image”

London: Orion 1998

 

David Porter: “Mother Teresa the early years” 

[ix,128]p ill 18cm pbk ISBN: 028104189x

London: SPCK, 1986

 

 

 

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List & Directories

 

 

Sir Henry Yule: “Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive.”

A very detailed dictionary of terms peculiar to the English language as used in India during the British Raj.  Many of the terms are more or less modified version of Persian, Bengali, Hindustani, or Malay words. 

The dictionary was developed in the 19th century and by the 1940s quite a few terms had died out or changed their meaning (e.g. “Anglo-Indian”). Nevertheless, a lot where still in use until independence and some time after and many have also made their way into the modern British English and even more into Indian English.  A vital tool for all researchers into British Indian life and history.

New ed. edited by William Crooke, B.A.

London: J. Murray, 1903.

 

ONLINE Hobson Jobson at DSAL (Digital South Asia Library of the University of Chicago)

This version can be searched with a search engine.

   http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hobsonjobson/

 

The Hobson-Jobson Dictionary at Bibliomania

This sorts all terms by alphabet as they are presented in the actual book.

   http://www.bibliomania.com/2/3/260/frameset.html

 

 “Thacker's Indian Directory”

The directory contains annual lists of civilian European and prominent Indian residents, a list of Calcutta streets, the names of the residents of each house and a map.  Depending on the year there might also be and almanac, holidays, postal information, telegraph rates, post offices, telegraph stations, list of appointments, officials and offices in the Government of India, census, railway directory and maps of India's railways, list of the civil divisions of India, maps of environs of Calcutta, newspaper and periodicals directory.  There is also a directory of churches and missions, charitable societies and hospitals, education directory, institutions, etc., literary and scientific societies, clubs, freemasonry and a commercial directory of British and foreign merchants and manufacturers and commercial industries.

The relevant volumes for the period are 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947/48, 1949/50.

Calcutta: Thacker & Co., 1885(-1960).

 

“Returns of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials. Bengal 1713-1948”

Returns transmitted by chaplains and ministers to the Government of India, relating mainly to European and Eurasian Christians.

 

“India Office and Burma Office List 1938 - 1940”

 

“India Office and Burma Office List 1947 supplement”

 

“Indian Army List”

April 1891 - October 1946 (Only officers are listed)

 

Chris Kempton “A register of titles of the units of the H.E.I.C. & Indian armies 1666-1947”

 

“Metro's Calcutta Directory, with Howrah & suburbs”

Calcutta: 1941.

 

“Thacker's Calcutta Directory, City and Suburbs.  Together with a directory of the chief industries of Bengal, etc.”

The relevant volumes for the period are 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947/48, 1949/50.

Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1906 etc.

 

 

 

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Guidebooks

 

 

John Barry: “Calcutta 1940”

A standard guidebook for Calcutta in the year 1940, with a wealth of detail from everything to the history of all main city sights and institutions down to such minute daily facts as bus routes and the price of a postage stamp.

300 pages, 3 maps, 66 illustrations.

Calcutta: The Central Press, 1940.

 

 

 

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Other Non-Fiction

 

 

Denise Coelho: “Orchids and Algebra – The story of Dow Hill School”

This is a real classic, which documents the history and traditions of Dow Hill School. Denise (also known as Winsome Fink) bases her “story” on facts from various school records, and from her own memory, drawing from various anecdotes, and incorporating the reminiscences of others. Sadly Denise passed away on July 24th. 2000, and will be missed by many. However, her book remains as her legacy to us.

This is highly recommended, especially for Dow Hillian’s. I believe copies may still be available by making enquiries through Grace Pereira who runs the worldwide VADHA alumni (please refer to the newsletter section for Grace’s address).

ISBN: 1869809009

Paperback, printed and published in the UK

 

Hazel Innes Craig: “Under the Old School Topee

This is the story of the British school’s that grew up in India during the latter part of the 19th. Century, first in the plains and later in the hills, to provide an English public-school style education for children from very mixed backgrounds of race, religion and economic circumstance, from all corners of the sub-continent.

The account is enlivened with many reminiscences of erstwhile pupils and teachers, collected diligently over a period of eight years by the author who herself was at a co-educational school in Darjeeling (Mount

Hermon) while her twin brother was at a neighbouring boys school (St. Pauls).

These educational establishments with their strong English public-school ethos were a notable feature of “Anglo-India” life pre-independence and surprisingly continue largely unchanged to this day; a significant legacy.

ISBN: 0907799353

Available from:

Hazel Innes Craig (Haztwin@aol.com )

(Mrs H M Craig, 53 Hill Rise, Rickmansworth, HERTS WD3 7NY, U.K. )

Costs £10.00 + p&p

 

Jennifer Fox: “In the Shade of Kanchenjunga

The hill station of Darjeeling, now in West Bengal, was a British creation, to provide a summer retreat from the heat of Calcutta. Although its name is now synonymous with tea, this book is not just about planters, but a sensitive history with a personal flavour.

The author traces its story from 1814 to the coming of Tibetan refugees in 1957. Darjeeling remained Victorian in manners and outlook until well after the Second World War. An evocative word-picture emerges with delightful asides, stories and detail.

Paperback, ISBN: 0907799493

London: British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA)

 

Rajani Palme Dutt: “India To-Day”

The British communist Rajani Palme Dutt’s (1896-1974 Bengali Father, Swedish mother), was a decisive influence on the early development of Indian communists (including Bengal’s Jyoti Basu), many of whom first cut their teeth in 1940s Calcutta.

'India Today' (1940) which was banned in India, although it has few item specifically mentioning Calcutta, is nonetheless a great insight into how the Indian (Bengali) communists in the city perceived their situation at the time, and what motivated them in their struggle.

London: Victor Gollancz, 1940

 

Dipesh Chakrabarty: “Rethinking working-class history : Bengal, 1890-1940”

History of the lives and conditions of jute industry workers.

ISBN:  0691055483

Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1989.

 

John Lethbridge: “Harrow on the Hooghly : the New School, Calcutta and Darjeeling, 1940-1944”

179p ill maps,ports 21cm pbk

Charlbury : J. Lethbridge, c1994.

 

Stephanie Jones: “Merchants of the Raj : British managing agency houses in Calcutta yesterday and today”

Foreword by the Earl of Inchcape.

xv, 434 p., [16] p. of plates ; ill., ports. ; 25 cm. / ISBN: 0333557379

Basingstoke : Macmillan, 1992.

 

Nilmani Mukherjee: “The Port of Calcutta; a short history.”

xii, 276 p. illus., maps (part col.) 23 cm.

Calcutta, Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta; [distributors: Oxford Book & Stationery Co.] 1968.

 

Samita Sen: “Women and labour in late colonial India : the Bengal jute industry.”

The social and economic conditions of women jute workers in the 1st half of the 20th century in Calcutta and Bengal.

xviii, 265 p. : ill.,map ; 24 cm. / ISBN: 0521453631

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1999.

 

“A brief history of the Statesman, with which the Friend of India is incorporated.”

With plates, including portraits.

Calcutta, [1948]

 

C.W. Ranson; “The Christian Minister in India: his vocation and training. A study based on a survey of theological education by the National Christian Council”

London, 1946.

 

Ajitcoomar Mookerjee, et al.: “Folk art of Bengal”

With plates.

Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1939.

 

 

 

 

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Fiction set in the Era

 

 

Anita Desai: “Baumgartner's Bombay”

229 pages. ISBN: 0749386746

The story of a German businessman in Calcutta. Interned in the 1940, moving to Bombay in the 1950.

London: Vintage, 1998

 

D.R. Sherman: “Old Mali and the Boy”

Denis Ronald Sherman was born in Calcutta in 1934. He went to Victoria School, and spent most of his childhood in Kurseong, which is used for the setting of this book. When he was twelve, he was sent to England to finish his education at Brighton Grammar School. D.R.

Sherman now lives on Praslin Island in the Seychelles, and makes a living as an author.

A delightful book, which is essentially about the relationship of the “Boy” with the Mali (gardener).

Paperback (Penguin), Published in the UK

ISBN: 0140028137

 

 

 

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Calcutta in Pictures

 

 

        Drawings & Paintings

Picture Gallery: Calcutta in the 17th and 18th Centuries

   http://sankalpa.tripod.com/roots/calcutta_pics_102.html

9 pictures 17& 18th century mainly paintings by Thomas Daniel but also some others. Source: 'Calcutta: City of Palaces' by J P Losty (British Libraries, Arnold Publishers); compiled by S. Mukherjee.

 

Picture Gallery: Calcutta in the 19th Century

   http://sankalpa.tripod.com/roots/calcutta_pics_104.html#pic10401

12 pictures from 19th century mainly by James Baille Fraser, Sir Charles D'Oyly. There are also 3 early photo experiements by Frederick Fiebig taken from the Ochetrloony monument. Source: 'Calcutta: City of Palaces' by J P Losty (British Libraries, Arnold Publishers); compiled by S. Mukherjee.

 

Samir Biswas

Noted for 'Portraits of Calcutta' , Mr. Biswas has a distinctive style of sketching and painting especially cityscapes. Mr. Biswas is working for the Anandabazar Group of Publications.

 

        Old Postcards

G.S.Farid(comp. & ed.): “Picture postcards from Calcutta 1895-1980”

A great book featuring postcards from Calcutta mainly from the 1910-1930 but quite a few form other decades as well. Very few pictures are actually from the 1940s, but the majority of pictures from the 1920 would give you a good indication of what Calcutta looked like in the 1940s. There is also an interesting reference section.

ca 200 pages, many illustration (naturally)

Calcutta: Mehmood Imran, 19??(ca 1999).

 

Tuck’s Calcutta

   http://www.harappa.com/post4/calcutta0.html

Raphael Tuck & Sons of London were the world's premiere early postcard  publisher. Tucks published its first Christmas cards in 1871 and first postcards, like many other firms, in 1898. The firm was a regular supplier of Christmas cards to Queen Victoria, and could boast the title "Art Publishers to Their Majesties the King & Queen."

Tucks India cards start appearing around 1905. The many geographic and thematic series cover most major cities and regions. The numbering was very confusing, but they came with detailed descriptive captions unlike any other publishers.

The web site produces 6 coloured postcards from 1905.

Click on the images to get the bigger version and the very detailed descriptions.

 

Harappa Calcutta Postcards

   http://www.harappa.com/post3/cal0.html

12 postcards (some coloured) on 2 pages. All from the first half of the 20th century.

Again click on the images to get the bigger version.  Beware some of the comments. A postcard of the current Howrah Bridge is dated ca. 1920!

 

 


 

        Photography

Cecil Beaton: “An Indian Album”

Ca. 80 black an white photos taken in the early 1940s all over India, both ancient and modern.  About 20 % of the photos are from Calcutta and or Bengal.  Quite a few pictures are related to war work, ammunitions factories, nurses, servicemen etc.. after all the book is dedicated to Viceroy Field-Marshal Lord Wavell.

London: Winter 1945/46

 

Robert Sanders: “Pictures from India, 1945 Chakulia and Calcutta”

   http://40thbombgroup.org/indiapics2.html

Robert Sanders was stationed in Chakulia India with the 40th Bombergroup in 1945 and took the opportunity of a trip to Calcutta to take some pictures.

Relevant pictures are:  R & R Hotel; Intersection in Calcutta, a Pontiac waiting; Snake Charmer; Howell and Burger, Calcutta rickshaw; More of the same; Old Calcutta; Cremating in Calcutta, at burning ghats; Garbage Disposal, Dead animals deposited behind wall for the vultures.

 

Pictures from Seymour Balkin

   http://40thbombgroup.org/balkin.html

Seymour Balkin was another airman stationed in India with the 40th Bombergroup in Chakulia in 1944. Like many he tooonat Rest and recreation trip to Calcutta and took some snaps of him and his friends.

Relevant pictures are:  Calcutta railroad station; Another view; Calcutta street scene; Shoeshine (no shoes); Capt. James Slattery and Maj. Daniel Rogers at "black hole" of Calcutta; Maj. Danny Rogers Howrah Bridge in background; Seymour Balkin in front of Jan Temple, Calcutta; Lt. Daniel Bursch; Capt. James Slattery (2nd from left) with his Co-Pilot, Navigator and Bombardier; Rogers, Balkin, Cook, and Bursch; Bursch (Howrah Bridge); Seymour Balkin (Howrah Bridge); Calcutta Street Scene; Traffic Cop; Another Street Scene; A Shop in Calcutta; Water Fountain; Taking a Shave; Calcutta Street; Lt. Daniel Bursch; Jan Temple; Cook, Bursch and little girl posing; Maj.Rogers, Capt. Slattery, Lt. Cook (others unidentified)); At the Railroad Station; F/O Walter Ramsey and Cook (Railway in Calcutta); Balkin at Grand Hotel.

 

Glenn S. Hensley: “The Hensley Photos Library at the University of Chicago”

   http://dsal.uchicago.edu/images/hensley/

Great pictures by US Airforce Photographer Glenn Hensley.  The pictures are especially valuable as they do not just follow the tourist sights but record many daily scenes and especially the people of Calcutta.  There are a many scenes of life on the river and canals. 

The pictures are stored in a database together with descriptions.  Some photos were taken in Madras and Burma but most (about 220) of them are from Calcutta and it’s immediate suburbs like Alipore.

Mr Hensley has already given us a great amount of detailed written memories on his time in Calcutta as well , which we will soon be featuring on our site.

 

Clyde Waddell: “The Calcutta 1947 Album at University of Pennsylvania”

   http://www.library.upenn.edu/etext/sasia/calcutta1947/

The photos of Clyde Waddell, US military man who spent the mid 1940s in Calcutta being amongst other things the personal press photographer of Lord Louis Mountbatten, and as news photographer on Phoenix magazine.  He took the pictures on leave in Calcutta after the liberation of Singapore in Sept. 1945.  As demand fot ehm grew he was persuaded to collate them into albums which where sold as souvenirs to mainly US servicemen.

The relevant photos and their captions are:

Chowringhee Road; View of the River Hugli from the Howrah Bridge, looking north; Aerial view of Calcutta from the Howrah Bridge, looking south.; Hindusthan Building; Corner of Harrison Street and Strand Road; View looking south along Chowringhee Road, with the Dhurrumtollah Mosque in the foregound; Karnani Estates, U.S. Army officers apartment hotel.; The American Red Cross Burra Club; Old Court House Street; Old Court House Street; Sikh taxi driver and American G.I.s; Tram; Street performer; Snake charmer; Snake charmer; Street scene with American G.I.s; Professor Sher Mohamed, Theatrical performer; Street scene; Shitalanatha Jain Temple; Kalighat Temple; Hindu woman praying at linga shrine; Brahmins worshipping in the Kalighat Temple; Bathing ghat near the Kalighat Temple; Nimtollah Burning Ghat; Nakodha Mosque; Indian women in the grounds of the Shitalanatha Jain Temple; Portraits of two Indian actresses, Binota Bose and Mrs Rekha Mullick; Woman and child in the street; Marble Palace; Queueing to buy kerosene; Woman dying in the street; March during the Calcutta Tramway Workers' Union strike; Howrah Bridge; Street scene outside the Calcutta Stock Exchange; View on the Hugli; Loading ships at the Port of Calcutta; Howrah Railway Station, Calcutta (Haora); Interior of Howrah Railway Station, Calcutta (Haora); Indians waiting for a train at Howrah Railway Station, Calcutta (Haora); Roadside shop, probably near Howrah Railway Station, Calcutta (Haora); The New Market (Sir Stuart Hogg Market); American G.I.s buying souvenirs; American G.I.s buying souvenirs, New Market; Street scene with shoeshine boys outside the New American Kitchen; Street traders and American G.I.s, Chowringhee Road; Street traders and American G.I.s, Chowringhee Road; American G.I.s buying souvenirs, Chowringhee Road; American G.I.s at a bookstall; Street scene at night, with hack gharries; Street scene with shoemakers; Street people asleep; Chinese opium den; American G.I. and prostitutes; Eating breakfast on the pavement, Park Street; Fruit vendor; Drying cakes of cow dung for fuel; Paan seller; Street barbers; Cocoanut market, Cornwallis Street; Washermen at work.

 

Milton Links: “Calcutta 1945”

   http://www.calcuttaweb.com/picture/miltonlinks/index.shtml

14 very interesting pictures of mid 1940s Calcutta taken by US serviceman Milton Links.  My favourite is the Victoria Memorial with added swimming pool.

Milton Links visited Calcutta and parts of India and Burma during 1944-45. He was with USA military force but with a passion for photography and art. Some of his work has been published by renowned publications.

The relevant photos and their captions are:

East side of Dalhouse Square (now B.B.D. Bag). Tram cars have different models now and streets are more congested for sure. St John's Church [sic.] is visible on the back. ; Esplanade (Dharmatala) junction. Tipu Sultan Mosque and Victoria House( currently CESC office). The buses were of old model but congested ( may not be like now).; Double Decker Bus. There are not many running on the streets these days and the look has changed so much. Initially, they were used have open roof on the upper floor. , Grand Hotel in the mid-forties. First five star hotel in the city.; High Court lobby in mid forties.; Howrah Bridge in mid-forties. Considered as one of the architectural achievement during the forties. The place was so neat and so different from now.; Top view of Dharmatala. Trams used to run across Central Avenue.; Firpo's Cafe at Park Street. Famous for it's bakery and confectionary, even today. [sic.]; Street Scene; This building is still there today in the Chowranghee [sic.] area, but not vibrant.; Street scene; Victoria Memorial - swimming pool.; Street scene : Bullock/Buffalo carts; Another street scene.

Calcutta Web produces these picture courtesy of Richard Links

 

Calcuttaweb.com’s old photos

   http://www.calcuttaweb.com/picture/calold1.shtml

Three pages of old pictures from Calcutta, some from the 1940s but most from 1905 and even earlier.  Nevertheless a very usefull resource.

 

Old Calcutta Photo Exhibition

   http://www.mklabs.de/mkprivat/calcutta.htm

A site highlighting ca. 70 very interesting pictures which “Our family […] carried […] through the last  century, from generation to generation”.  The problem is that only one picture is shown on the site at any one time (due to lack of server space). You need to click on the picture to see the larger version.

 

Harappa Calcutta Photos

   http://www.harappa.com/photo2/cfr.html

14 photos. All from ca. 1915.

Click on the images to get the bigger version. 

 

 

 

 

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Calcutta on Film

 

 

        Fictional Films

 

The River

Directed by Jean Renoir, sceenplay by Rumer Godden

An English girl comes of age in postwar Bengal.

99 min. Technicolour. 1951

 

Pather Panchali

Directed by Satyajit Ray

A toching portrait of childhood and Bengali village life.

115 min. B&W, Bengali. 1955

 

Mahanagar (The big city)

Directed by Satyajit Ray

Changing lifestyles in the Calcutta of the early 1950s.

131 min. B&W, Bengali. 1963

 

Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder)

Directed by Satyajit Ray

The impact of the Bengal famine on a village community.

101 min. colour, Bengali. 1973

 

Bharat Shah & Kamal Haasan (dir.): “Hey Ram”

Kamal Haasan, Rani Mukharjee, Shah Rukh Khan, Naseeruddin Shah.

A strong portrayal of the violence and emotions of revenge and communal extremism which gripped India in the run up to partition.  Especially the Calcutta riots are shown and the rise Hindu extremism and their hate for Gandhi.

 

Aparna Sen (dir.): “36 Chowringee Lane”

runtime: 122 mins, cast: Dhritiman Chatterjee, Geoffrey Kendal, Jennifer Kendal, Debashree Roy.

Most of the film set in the late 1970s but there are some flashback to the war years which changed the main characters Anglo-Indian life.

India: 1981

 

George Cukor (dir.): “Bhowani Junction”

Not set in Bengal but probably the best western film to portray the chaos of post-war and pre-independence India and especially the precarious situation of the Anglo-Indian community.

runtime 1 hour, 50 minutes, cast: Ava Gardner, Stewart Granger, Bill Travers. The Indian roles were played by Europeans in make-up !

MGM, 1956

 

 

        Documentaries

 

Supriyo Sen: “Aabar Ashibo Phire (Way Back Home)”

Documentary in which the director accompanies his parents on a visit back to their former homes in the Barisal district of today’s Bangladesh. They recall memories of their lives in former East Bengal and the 1950 riots which forced them to leave. The film is further enriched by documentary footage of the events accompanying partition in Bengal.

120 min, Bengali with English subtitles

India, Calcutta, 2002

 

 

        Newsreels

 

          _____British Pathe Filmarchive_________________________

The film archive of the British Pathé Cinema newsreel company has recently gone online at http://www.britishpathe.com/.  I have found quite a few films (38 so far) which deal with Calcutta and Bengal.  A lot of them are either directly from the 1940 or show scenes which would not be too different from what they would have been in the 1940s. 

For technical reasons (lack of space) and reasons of copyright we cannot display the films themselves on this site.  With the details given (The FilmID) however it should be easy for all those interested to access (via Advancd search) or even download the films they are interested in.  You can download the films in basic quality for free, but for payment you do get versions of much better quality.

Where the film ID and other details are not given, the film might not be available yet.

 

Contact: British Pathe Limited http://www.britishpathe.com/

E-mail: info@britishpathe.com

Telephone: +44-(0)20-7.424.36.36  Fax: +44-(0)20-7.485.36.06

 

“Opening Legislative Council Calcutta” (28/03/1921 Black & White)

   An item showing Prince Arthur, the Duke of Connaught, during the opening of the Legislative Council in India

   (FilmID: 230.17 / Size: 1,371 KB / Length: 0:01:22:00)

 

“Prince in India and Return home aka The rpince concludes his triumphal tour in India” (06/04/1922 Black & White)

   Prince of Wale concludes his tour of India and returns to Plymouth (Devon) and onto London.

   (FilmID: 262.23 / Size: 5,420 KB / Length: 0:05:26:00)

 

Maclaren arrives in Calcutta” (31/03/1924 Black & White)

   In a bid to fly round the globe, Squadron Leader Maclaren reaches India.

   (FilmID: 336.03 / Size: 2,431 KB / Length: 0:02:26:00)

 

“One of the Lucky ones” (01/06/1925 Black & White)

   James Carew, winner of the Calcutta sweepstake, enjoys time at home in Liverpool.

   (FilmID: 400.04 / Size: 615 KB / Length: 0:00:37:00)

 

“Duke of Connaught in India” (1920 – 1929 Black & White)

   The Duke of Connaught on tour of India.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Indian PoloChampionship” (12/02/1934 Black & White)

   Lord Willingdon reviews British and Indian troops and sees a polo championship.

   (FilmID: 777.26 / Size: 1,445 KB / Length: 0:01:27:00)

 

“State Ceremonial aka News from India” (14/02/1935 Black & White)

   Viceroy of India, Lord Willingdon attends Calcutta Races.

   (FilmID: 817.02 / Size: 1,719 KB / Length: 0:01:42:00)

 

“Indian Dances – from Peeps through the window of the world No.62” (21/11/1935 Black & White)

   Indian men do sacred dances in the holy temple grounds of Calcutta, India.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Halt here for India” (05/10/1936 Black & White)

   Huge crowds gather for Hindu Car Festival at Puri in Bengal, India.

   (FilmID: 1140.07 / Size: 1,162 KB / Length: 0:01:09:00)

 

“Edward VIII Prince and King (Part 7)” (13/04/1936 Black & White)

   A look back as Prince Edward tours Australia, India and Africa during the 1920s.

   (FilmID: 1132.01 / Size: 2,614 KB / Length: 0:02:37:00)

 

“Proclamation Parade in India” (14/03/1938 Black & White)

   The Viceroy of India attends a military parade in Calcutta.

   (FilmID: 957.26 / Size: 795 KB / Length: 0:00:47:00)

 

Orienta” (Black & White)

   Various scenes in India - including children who are reputedly married at an early age.

   (FilmID: 1004.27 / Size: 1,202 KB / Length: 0:01:31:00)

 

“Italy to Australia Airflight” (Black & White)

   Italian crew flies from Calcutta to Rangoon on their way to Australia.

   (FilmID: 2583.27 / Size: 2,331 KB / Length: 0:02:20:00)

 

“Testing their Skill” (1930 – 1939 Black & White)

   Firemen in Calcutta show off with hoses, ladders and ropes in demonstration at fire tower.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Viceroy’s cup race in Calcutta” (17/02/1938 Black & White)

   Crowds and pageantry at the Viceroy's Cup Race in Calcutta, India.

   (FilmID: 955.19 / Size: 829 KB / Length: 0:00:50:00)

 

“India  (16/02/1942 Black & White)

   A look at different places in India including Karachi and Calcutta.

   (FilmID: 1542.06 / Size: 1,514 KB / Length: 0:01:31:00)

 

“Aid to China via Tibet” (12/07/1943 Black & White)

   Aid travels to China via Tibet on mules.

   (FilmID: 1079.13 / Size: 2,223 KB / Length: 0:02:13:00)

 

“Loading wounded into Ambulances” (Black & White)

   Material showing injured people on ship 'Karapara', and being lifted into ambulances on quay.

   (FilmID: 1992.03 / Size: 4,140 KB / Length: 0:04:09:00)

 

“Famine in Bengal” (1940 – 1949 Black & White)

   Disturbing images of the famine in Bengal, India.

   (FilmID: 2177.10 / Size: 6,182 KB / Length: 0:06:12:00)

 

“Bengal Soldiers aka on Patrol in Bengal” (28/08/1944 Black & White)

   Carrier pigeons relay important messages from remote villages in Bengal.

   (FilmID: 1580.13 / Size: 1,418 KB / Length: 0:01:29:00)

 

“Front Line Newspaper” (01/02/1945 Black & White)

   Publisher of SEAC newspaper explains how papers are delivered to soldiers on Burmese front.

   (FilmID: 1143.19/ Size: 3,224 KB / Length: 0:03:14:00)

 

“Communist Sponsored Strike Fails in Calcutta aka Strike in Calcutta”

   Various shots of a peaceful strike with workers being checked or moved on by police and a military presence on the streets

   (FilmID: 2423.13 / Size: 4,728 KB / Length: 0:04:44:00)

 

Pandit Nehru Visits Calcutta” (Black & White)

   Nehru speaking from ornate, canopied dais - sea of umbrellas, disturbance by demonstrators.

   (FilmID: / Size:  KB / Length:)

 

“News in a Nutshell” (Black & White)

   Various news and (towards the end) Religious Festival in Calcutta.

   (FilmID: 907.12 / Size: 5,724 KB / Length: 0:05:44:00)

 

“East Pakistan Celebrations” (Black & White)

   Eastern Pakistan celebrates independence.

   (FilmID: 2391.06 / Size: 3,227 KB / Length: 0:03:16:00)

 

“Eastern Pakistan Celebrations” (Black & White)

   Eastern Pakistan celebrates independence.

   (FilmID: 2391.10 / Size: 3,240 KB / Length: 0:03:15:00)

 

“Delhi Story aka Display in Delhi” (Black & White)

   Parade of Indian Troops in Front of Pandit Nehru.

   (FilmID: 2423.12 / Size: 6,865 KB / Length: 0:06:53:00)

 

“Grain ships reach India” (05/07/1951 Black & White)

   Supplies of grain are sent to India to help famine struck areas.

   (FilmID: 1475.06 / Size: 931 KB / Length: 0:00:56:00)

 

“Duke ends India Tour  (09/02/1959 Black & White)

   Prince Philip ends India tour by visiting Tata steel works and Telco locomotive works.

   (FilmID: 1567.32 / Size: 1,465 KB / Length: 0:01:27:00)

 

“Queen goes Eastward” (23/02/1961 Black & White)

   Footage of Queen Elizabeth II's continuing tour of India.

   (FilmID: 1712.08 / Size: 3,956 KB / Length: 0:03:58:00)

 

“Queen goes Eastward - Technicolor” (24/02/1961 Colour)

   Queen and Prince Philip visit India.

   (FilmID: 1787.09 / Size: 4,033 KB / Length: 0:04:03:00)

 

“Selected Originals Queen goes Eastwards – 61/16” (Colour)

   Material relating to newsreel story "Queen Goes Eastwards" - 61/16.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Queen in India” (1961 Colour)

   Queen & Duke arrive and at Royal Calcutta Turf Club, crane pulling up red hot ingots.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“The Royal Tour of India – Reel 3” (1961 Colour)

   Royal tour of India - 1961.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“For the markets of the world” (1962 Colour)

   Documentary about the manufacture and export of British motor cars. c. 1962

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Poverty in India” (1963 – 1965 Black & White)

   Tragic pictures emphasising Indian poverty endured by all ages

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

“Poverty in India” (1963 Black & White)

   Street scenes in Calcutta showing general begging by young and old.

   (FilmID:  / Size:  KB / Length: )

 

 

 

 

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The Sound of Calcutta

 

 

        Music

 

          _____Tagore______________________________________________

Ananda Lal (Ed.): “The Voice of Rabindranath Tagore

The complete Hindusthan recordings from 1932-1939, consisting of songs, poems, prose, chrildren’s poems and English translations.

22 recordings

Calcutta: Hindusthan Musical Products Ltd., 1997.

 

          _____Jazz, Blues & Swing___________________________

“HARLEQUIN” (1LP0088255)

Recording location/date: Calcutta, India / 1942/43

songs include

Bridgette Moore: “Ice Cold Katie”

Performers: TEDDY WEATHERFORD & HIS BAND incl. Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano) George BANKS (trumpet), Reuben SOLOMON , Paul GONSALVES (reed) & Roy BUTLER (reed) with Bridgette MOORE (vocal) 1944.05

Hutson Sisters: “So Long, Sarah Jane”

Performer notes: TEDDY WEATHERFORD & HIS BAND with Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano), THE HUTSON SISTERS (vocal) 1944.01

Roy Butler: “Lady Who Didn't Believe In L”

Performers: TEDDY WEATHERFORD & HIS BAND incl. Teddy WEATHERFORD (vocal, piano) George BANKS (trumpet), Reuben SOLOMON , Paul GONSALVES (reed) & Roy BUTLER (reed) 1943.05

Nestor West: “Jealous”

Performers: ALL STAR SWING BAND incl. George BANKS (trumpet), Reuben SOLOMON (clarinet), Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano), Cedric WEST (guitar) with Nestor WEST (vocal) 1942.09

Teddy Weatherford: “Waikiki”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano) 1942

Nestor West: “Last Call For Love”

Performers: REUBEN SOLOMON & HIS JIVE BOYS with Reuben SOLOMON (clarinet) Nestor WEST (vocal) 1942.09

Teddy Weatherford: “Kiss The Boys Goodbye”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano) 1942

Jimmy Smith: “Memphis Blues”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano) with prob. Tony GONSALVES (bass) and Jimmy SMITH (drums) 1942.08

Teddy Weatherford: “Last Time I Saw Paris”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano) 1942

Jimmy Smith: “Blues In The Night”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (vocal, piano) with prob. Tony GONSALVES (bass) & Jimmy SMITH (drums) 1942.08

Nester West: “One Dozen Roses”

Performers: ALL STAR SWING BAND incl. George BANKS (trumpet), Reuben SOLOMON (clarinet), Teddy WEATHERFORD (piano), Cedric WEST (guitar) with Nester WEST (vocal) 1942.09

Jimmy Smith: “Basin Street Blues” (1LP0088255)

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (vocal, piano) with prob. Tony GONSALVES (bass) & Jimmy SMITH (drums) 1942.08

Jimmy Smith: “St. Louis Blues”

Performers: Teddy WEATHERFORD (vocal, piano) with prob. Tony GONALVES (bass) & Jimmy SMITH (drums) 1942.08

Nester West: “My Gal Sal”

Performers: REUBEN SOLOMON & HIS JIVE BOYS with Reuben SOLOMON (clarinet), Nester WEST (vocal)  1942.09

 

Tau Moe's Tropical Stars Group: “Paducah” (1LP0027253)

Recording location/date: Calcutta India / 1945.02

 

 

        Song

 

          _____Tagore______________________________________________

Ananda Lal (Ed.): “The Voice of Rabindranath Tagore

The complete Hindusthan recordings from 1932-1939, consisting of songs, poems, prose, chrildren’s poems and English translations.

22 recordings

Calcutta: Hindusthan Musical Products Ltd., 1997.

 

        Speech

 

          _____Tagore______________________________________________

Ananda Lal (Ed.): “The Voice of Rabindranath Tagore

The complete Hindusthan recordings from 1932-1939, consisting of songs, poems, prose, children’s poems and English translations.

22 recordings

Calcutta: Hindusthan Musical Products Ltd., 1997.

 

          _____Subhas Chandra Bose_____________________________

Netaji Research Bureau (Ed.): “The Voice of Netaji

Selected speeches and radio broadcasts from 1938 Flag hoisting ceremony at Haripura Congress to the Address to the INA. The pieces are in a variety of languages from Bengali and Hindi, to English and even German.  All are shortly introduced by the editor Sisir K. Bose.

12 recordings

Calcutta: Saregama India Ltd., 1985.

 

        Other Sounds

 

 

 

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